Immunization Schedule- An individual’s immune system is strengthened during vaccination, which is a procedure. By exposing the immune system to foreign molecules that may elicit a protective immune response, this is accomplished. When an individual contracts a common infection more than once, they may also develop an immunity to it. The individual’s immune cells keep a record of the infection, so when the same infection tries to enter the body again, the immune system responds more quickly and effectively. This stops the infection from returning for a second time. Natural immunity or immunization refers to this.
When a person is intentionally exposed to foreign particles, this is called artificial immunization. Many of the available vaccines against common and lethal infections are based on this. However, many diseases come with serious side effects, and getting them can cause major issues for individuals. Artificial vaccinations are regarded as less risky and simpler approaches to disease immunity. Because they have a lower immunity than adults, vaccinations are initiated in infants and children.
Immunization Schedule
The idea behind vaccination is that every person’s immune system remembers when they first came into contact with a disease. Memory cells in the immune system keep the memory of foreign bodies. As a result, when these foreign bodies come back into contact with the person, the memory cells aid in the production of antibodies against them. This aids the individual in the fight against the infection and prevents its spread. Due to the presence of antibodies, the individual will not experience any serious symptoms if the infection does occur.
Many diseases, including polio, measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox, and tetanus, can be avoided with vaccination. Polio has been eradicated in many nations as a result of large-scale vaccination campaigns carried out by various nations. Even in nations with weaker vaccination campaigns, it persists. The vaccination schedules for infants, children, and pregnant women will be discussed in the following article.
Immunization Schedule Details 2023
| Name Of Article | Immunization Schedule |
| Years | 2023 |
| Category | Health |
| Official Website | Click Also |
Types of Immunization
In order to make various vaccines, two primary forms of immunization are utilized. The descriptions of these kinds follow.
- Active Immunization: In this type, a microbe or a weaker version of it is injected into the patient’s body. Antibodies against the microbe are produced by the individual’s immune system as a result of these. Memory cells are also formed as a result, and when the person comes into contact with the microbe again, they can produce more antibodies.
- Pre-synthesized antibodies are introduced into the patient’s body through passive vaccination, which confers immunity. This kind of immunity works quickly but doesn’t last long because the antibodies break down on their own.
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Immunization Schedule for Infants
Due to their weak immune systems, infants should begin receiving their vaccine doses as soon as possible. They only have a small amount of immunity from breast milk. The vaccination schedule for infants is listed in the table below.
| Vaccine | Disease | When to Administer |
| BCG | Tuberculosis | At birth |
| Hepatitis B | Hepatitis B | Within 24 Hours of Birth |
| OPV-0 | Polio | Within 15 Days of Birth |
| OPV- 1, 2, 3 | Polio | At 6, 10 and 14 Weeks respectively. |
| Pentavalent 1, 2, 3 | Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B and Hib | At 6, 10 and 14 Weeks respectively. Can be given till the age of 1 year. |
| Rotavirus | Rotavirus | At 6, 10 and 14 Weeks respectively. Can be given till the age of 1 year |
| IPV | Polio | At 6 and 14 Weeks |
| MMR | Measles, Mumps and Rubella | 9 to 12 Months |
| JE-1 | Japanese Encephalitis | 9 to 12 Months |
| Vitamin A | Measles and Supplementation | Along with MMR Vaccine |
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Immunization Schedule for Pregnant Women
In order to avoid contracting any disease that could have been avoided, pregnant women should receive booster vaccinations. If they get any of these illnesses while they’re pregnant, it could hurt the growing baby and even cause problems. The vaccination schedule for expecting mothers is provided below.
| Vaccine | Disease | When to Administer |
| TT-1 | Tetanus | Early in Pregnancy |
| TT-2 | Tetanus | 4 Weeks after TT-1 |
| TT-Booster | Tetanus | After 2 doses of TT have been received in the last 36 weeks during a pregnancy |
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Immunization Schedule for Children
In order to maintain the immunity that was established by the initial doses, infants receive booster doses of the vaccines that have already been given after they reach the age of two. Children’s immunity will last longer as a result of this. The schedule for children’s immunizations is listed below.
| Vaccine | Disease | When to Administer |
| DPT Booster-1 | Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus | 16 to 24 Months |
| MMR-2 | Measles, Mumps and Rubella | 16 to 24 Months |
| OPV Booster | Polio | 16 to 24 Months |
| JE-2 | Japanese Encephalitis | 16 to 24 Months |
| Vitamin A (2nd to 9th Dose) | Measles and Supplementation | 16 to 18 Months. Then one dose is given every six months till the age of five years. |
| DPT Booster-2 | Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus | 5 to 6 Years |
| TT | Tetanus | 10 Years and 16 Years |
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